General understanding of the package is an object that is used for containers or place and may provide protection in accordance with its objectives. The existence of packaging can help prevent / reduce damage, protect the material in it from pollution and physical disturbances such as friction, impact and vibration. In terms of promotion serves as a stimulus package or buyer appeal.
Materials or food products if not packaged can be damaged due to animal attacks (such as a mouse), insects (like cockroaches), and microbes (bacteria, molds and yeasts). Damage can occur from food before harvest, after harvest, during storage, during transportation and distribution as well as for sale. The existence of microorganisms in food will cause the material to be unattractive because the material becomes damaged, there fermentation or covered by fungus. Bacteria that grow in the food will affect the quality, besides that there is a tendency to produce toxic compounds to the consumer (humans), causing pain, can even cause death. The food industry should be producing materials food that has good quality and safe when consumed.
Food packaging played a role in producing products with good quality and safe when consumed. Packaging becomes important because it will facilitate in transportation and storage activities. Understanding of transportation does not always move goods from one place to another. But the move could also mean food from the plates and glasses into our mouths. For example: to drink or glass containers is necessary, or cup. Glass or cup is also one form of packaging. Another example, move the rice from the plate to mouth with a spoon, then spoon serves as packaging materials.
Prior made by humans, nature has also provided for food packaging, such as corn with kelobotnya, fruit with skin, with coconut coir and shell, beans and peas with the skin on. Humans also use packaging to protect the body from the weather disturbance, and to look elegant and attractive.
At first, people use large leaves as packaging materials, such as teak leaves, taro leaves, and banana leaves to wrap meat. Animal skins used to retrieve or bring water, bamboo baskets or similar to store or carrying the harvest.
Canning process history
In the early 19th century, Napoleon wanted food that can be carried by the army in large quantities and secure a well packed. Then he offered france 12,000 to anyone who can find a technology that can bring food in large quantities and safe during the transport or storage. In the year 1810, a French national named Nicolas Appert won the prize. He developed a packaging "Canning process" even though at that time to use the product packaging bottle. In the 19th century, where the people live in America to move from one place to another place to grow crops, they usually use a cart or wagon known. To maintain life before they plant crops that can be harvested, so they bring in canned food. Because canned food can be long lasting and safe to eat, so since it is also the development of canning in the United States grew rapidly.
The above example shows us all, that the food packaging is very closely relation to human survival. Therefore, food must be available anytime and anywhere in the world. To provide food that is available anytime and anywhere, then the packaging becomes an important addition to the technology processing.
Packaging materials are often used to pack agricultural products are wood, jute fibers, plastics, paper and cardboard waves. Agricultural products that can be eaten by humans comes from animal and vegetable sources. Agricultural products that can be consumed in the form of raw or cooked ingredients. Preparation of agricultural products into a form that can be eat involve processing. In the food processing occurs physical and chemical changes in the desired or not desired. Besides, after going through processing, the food was not stable, will undergo change, so it is necessary that proper selection of packaging for it so the food storage period can be increased and nutritional value of food can still be maintained.
Thus the packaging technology and the choice of packaging material is designed so that food can be protected from insect attack and microbes. One also can produce the products that have a relatively old store but also have nutritional value is still relatively good also, increase the added value packaged materials such as materials / products more attractive, higher selling prices.
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