Packaging Classification

According Syarief et al (1989), the packaging can be classified based on: frequency of use, the structure of packaging systems, packaging material stiffness properties, the nature of environmental protection and readiness levels used.
Based on the frequency of usage, then the packaging is classified into three, namely:

1. Disposable packaging, is a direct packaging discarded after use. Example: banana leaves, hibiscus leaves, to wrap tempe, teak leaves for wrapping fresh meat, plastic bags for ice.
2. Packaging that can be used several times (multi-trip), such as ketchup bottles, beer bottles, bottles of bottled tea, egg boxes, crates, etc.
3. Packaging is not disposed of or reused by the consumer (semi disposal). Containers or product packaging are not returned to the manufacturer but is used for container by the consumer something or thrown away. Example: canned milk powder and some types of bottles that appeal to consumers.
   

Based on the structure of the packing system, the packaging materials can be grouped into three, namely:

1. Primary packaging, the packaging materials used for packaging food products directly, such as tempeh wrap, bottles or beverage cans, bags of chips, etc.
2. Secondary packaging, the packaging serves to protect the product was packaged using primary packaging. This packaging will help to facilitate the transportation and storage activities. Example: cardboard for packaging beverages in cans / bottles / cardboard, cans, etc. to pack candy.
3. Tertiary packaging, the packaging used to package the product is packaged in primary and secondary packaging. This packaging allows the transport activities, especially for long distances. Example: crates.
   

Based on the rigidity of packing material, the packaging materials can be grouped into three, namely:

1. Flexible packaging, this type of material or formed flexible as you wish, for example plastic, paper, aluminum foil.
2. Rigid packaging, this packaging can not be bent, bend or can not be bent, for example packaging materials of glass, wood and metal.
3. Semi-rigid packaging or semi-flexible, plastic bottle samples.
   

Based on the nature of the protection of packaging, the packaging materials can be grouped into three, namely:

1. Hermetic packaging (packaging bear steam and gas), is a perfect container can not be bypassed by the air and water vapor. During the packaging is still in hermetic, the packaging can not be penetrated by bacteria, molds and dust. However if the closure process is not perfect or wrong will no longer result in hermetic containers. In other words, bacteria, mold or dust can enter the packaging, as a result of packaged food products to be easily damaged. Provide hermetic packaging that is not enameled can provide odor on packaged products. Example hermetic packaging: cans and glass bottles.
2. Light resistant packaging, the container is not transparent or opaque. This packaging is suitable for packaging many products that contain fat and high vitamin and Fermented foods. Food products containing high fat and vitamin when exposed to direct light will quickly oxidize quickly so that the product will decrease the quality. Besides, light can activate chemical reactions and enzimatyc reaction. Example: packaging of paper, cardboard, bottles that are not translucent, opaque plastic or aluminum foil.
3. High temperature resistant packaging. This type of packaging used to package products that require heating process, pasteurization or sterilization.
   

Based on the readiness level of use, the packaging materials are divided into two, namely ready-made container and the container is ready assembled.